Модернизация IDA Pro. Учимся писать загрузчики на Python

Модернизация IDA Pro. Учимся писать загрузчики на Python


Привет всем,


Цикл статей по написанию разных полезных штук для IDA Pro продолжается. В прошлый раз мы исправляли процессорный модуль , а сегодня речь пойдёт о написании модуля-загрузчика (лоадера) для одной винтажной операционной системы, а именно — для AmigaOS. Писать будем на Python. Также я постараюсь раскрыть некоторые тонкости при работе с релоками (они же relocations), которые встречаются во многих исполняемых файлах (PE, ELF, MS-DOS, и т.д.).


Введение


Те, кто уже работал ранее с форматом Amiga Hunk (в AmigaOS так называются объекты, содержащие исполняемый код: executable-, library-файлы, и т.д.) и загружал хотя бы один такой файл в IDA, наверняка видел, что загрузчик-то уже существует (более того, имеются даже исходники в IDA SDK):




Да, действительно, всё уже написано до нас, но… Реализовано всё настолько плохо, что работать с хоть каким-то нормальным исполняемым файлом становится просто невозможно.


Проблемы текущей реализации


Итак, вот список проблем:


  1. Релокации. В Amiga Hunk файлах их наличие — нормальная практика. И, в существующей реализации они даже применяются при загрузке файла. Но, делается это не всегда корректно (итоговая ссылка может быть подсчитана неправильно).
    Также, вам не удастся сделать "Rebase program...". В лоадере эта функция отсутствует.
  2. Файл загружается по базовому адресу 0x00000000. Что определённо неправильно, поскольку по нулевому смещению грузятся различные системные библиотеки. В итоге ссылки на эти библиотеки создаются в адресном пространстве загруженного файла
  3. Загрузчику можно задавать различные флаги, которые не дают (либо наоборот, позволяют) IDA выполнять те или иные «распознавательные» действия: определение указателей, массивов, ассемблерных инструкций.
    В ситуациях, когда дело не касается x86/x64/ARM, часто после загрузки файла ассемблерный листинг выглядит так, что от одного взгляда на него хочется закрыть IDA (а также удалить исследуемый файл, и научиться пользоваться radare2). Виной тому установленные по умолчанию флаги загрузчика.


Пишем шаблон загрузчика


Собственно, написать загрузчик не сложно. Есть три колбэка, которые нужно реализовать:


1) accept_file(li, filename)
Через эту функцию IDA определяет, можно ли использовать данный лоадер для загрузки файла filename


def accept_file(li, filename):         li.seek(0)         tag = li.read(4)         if tag == 'TAG1':  # check if this file can be loaded             return {'format': 'Super executable', 'processor': '68000'}         else:             return 0

2) load_file(li, neflags, format)
Здесь происходит загрузка содержимого файла в базу, создание сегментов/структур/типов, применение релоков, и другие действия.


def load_file(li, neflags, format):         # set processor type         idaapi.set_processor_type('68000', ida_idp.SETPROC_LOADER)          # set some flags         idaapi.cvar.inf.af = idaapi.AF_CODE | idaapi.AF_JUMPTBL | idaapi.AF_USED | idaapi.AF_UNK |              idaapi.AF_PROC | idaapi.AF_LVAR | idaapi.AF_STKARG | idaapi.AF_REGARG |              idaapi.AF_TRACE | idaapi.AF_VERSP | idaapi.AF_ANORET | idaapi.AF_MEMFUNC |              idaapi.AF_TRFUNC | idaapi.AF_FIXUP | idaapi.AF_JFUNC | idaapi.AF_NULLSUB |              idaapi.AF_NULLSUB | idaapi.AF_IMMOFF | idaapi.AF_STRLIT          FILE_OFFSET = 0x40  # real code starts here         li.seek(FILE_OFFSET)         data = li.read(li.size() - FILE_OFFSET)  # read all data except header          IMAGE_BASE = 0x400000  # segment base (where to load)          # load code into database         idaapi.mem2base(data, IMAGE_BASE, FILE_OFFSET)          # create code segment         idaapi.add_segm(0, IMAGE_BASE, IMAGE_BASE + len(data), 'SEG01', 'CODE')          return 1

3) move_segm(frm, to, sz, fileformatname)
Если в загружаемом файле есть релокации, то нельзя просто так взять и сменить базовый адрес. Необходимо пересчитать все релокации и пропатчить ссылки. В общем случае, код будет всегда один и тот же. Здесь мы просто проходимся по всем созданным ранее релокам, добавляя к ним дельту и применяя патчи к байтам IDB-базы.


def move_segm(frm, to, sz, fileformatname):         delta = to         xEA = ida_fixup.get_first_fixup_ea()         while xEA != idaapi.BADADDR:             fd = ida_fixup.fixup_data_t(idaapi.FIXUP_OFF32)             ida_fixup.get_fixup(xEA, fd)             fd.off += delta              if fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF8:                 idaapi.put_byte(xEA, fd.off)             elif fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF16:                 idaapi.put_word(xEA, fd.off)             elif fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF32:                 idaapi.put_long(xEA, fd.off)              fd.set(xEA)              xEA = ida_fixup.get_next_fixup_ea(xEA)          idaapi.cvar.inf.baseaddr = idaapi.cvar.inf.baseaddr + delta          return 1

Шаблон загрузчика
import idaapi import ida_idp import ida_fixup  def accept_file(li, filename):         li.seek(0)         tag = li.read(4)         if tag == 'TAG1':  # check if this file can be loaded             return {'format': 'Super executable', 'processor': '68000'}         else:             return 0  def load_file(li, neflags, format):         # set processor type         idaapi.set_processor_type('68000', ida_idp.SETPROC_LOADER)          # set some flags         idaapi.cvar.inf.af = idaapi.AF_CODE | idaapi.AF_JUMPTBL | idaapi.AF_USED | idaapi.AF_UNK |                       idaapi.AF_PROC | idaapi.AF_LVAR | idaapi.AF_STKARG | idaapi.AF_REGARG |                       idaapi.AF_TRACE | idaapi.AF_VERSP | idaapi.AF_ANORET | idaapi.AF_MEMFUNC |                       idaapi.AF_TRFUNC | idaapi.AF_FIXUP | idaapi.AF_JFUNC | idaapi.AF_NULLSUB |                       idaapi.AF_NULLSUB | idaapi.AF_IMMOFF | idaapi.AF_STRLIT      FILE_OFFSET = 0x40  # real code starts here     li.seek(FILE_OFFSET)     data = li.read(li.size() - FILE_OFFSET)  # read all data except header      IMAGE_BASE = 0x400000  # segment base (where to load)      # load code into database     idaapi.mem2base(data, IMAGE_BASE, FILE_OFFSET)      # create code segment     idaapi.add_segm(0, IMAGE_BASE, IMAGE_BASE + len(data), 'SEG01', 'CODE')      return 1  def move_segm(frm, to, sz, fileformatname):         delta = to         xEA = ida_fixup.get_first_fixup_ea()         while xEA != idaapi.BADADDR:             fd = ida_fixup.fixup_data_t(idaapi.FIXUP_OFF32)             ida_fixup.get_fixup(xEA, fd)             fd.off += delta              if fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF8:                 idaapi.put_byte(xEA, fd.off)             elif fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF16:                 idaapi.put_word(xEA, fd.off)             elif fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF32:                 idaapi.put_long(xEA, fd.off)              fd.set(xEA)              xEA = ida_fixup.get_next_fixup_ea(xEA)          idaapi.cvar.inf.baseaddr = idaapi.cvar.inf.baseaddr + delta          return 1

Пишем основной код загрузчика


Итак, с основами разобрались. Давайте подготовим себе «рабочее место». Не знаю в чём кто любит писать код на Python, а я люблю это делать в PyCharm. Давайте создадим новый проект, и добавим в пути для поиска импортов каталог из IDA:



Люди, которые уже сталкивались с вопросом эмуляции исполняемых файлов для AmigaOS, наверняка слышали о таком проекте, как amitools . В нём имеется практически полный набор инструментов для работы с Amiga Hunk (как для эмуляции, так и для просто парсинга). Предлагаю на его основе и сделать «загружалку» (лицензия проекта позволяет, да и наш загрузчик будет некоммерческим).


После непродолжительных поисков по amitools, нашёлся файл BinFmtHunk.py . В нём реализован парсинг файла, определение сегментов, релокаций и много чего ещё. Собственно за само применение релоков отвечает файл Relocate.py


Теперь самое сложное: нужно из всего этого дерева файлов amitools перетащить в наш файл загрузчика всё, на что есть ссылки в BinFmtHunk.py и Relocate.py, кое-где делая мелкие исправления.


Ещё одна штука, которую я хочу добавить, это определение для каждого сегмента позиции в файле, с которой были загруженные данные. Делается это путём добавления атрибута data_offset в два класса: HunkSegmentBlock, и HunkOverlayBlock. Получается следующий код:


HunkSegmentBlock
class HunkSegmentBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_CODE, HUNK_DATA, HUNK_BSS"""      def __init__(self, blk_id=None, data=None, data_offset=0, size_longs=0):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         if blk_id is not None:             self.blk_id = blk_id         self.data = data         self.data_offset = data_offset         self.size_longs = size_longs      def parse(self, f):         size = self._read_long(f)         self.size_longs = size         if self.blk_id != HUNK_BSS:             size *= 4             self.data_offset = f.tell()             self.data = f.read(size)

HunkOverlayBlock
class HunkOverlayBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_OVERLAY"""     blk_id = HUNK_OVERLAY      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.data_offset = 0         self.data = None      def parse(self, f):         num_longs = self._read_long(f)         self.data_offset = f.tell()         self.data = f.read(num_longs * 4)

Теперь нужно добавить этот атрибут в класс Segment, который создаётся позднее из Hunk-блоков:


Segment
class Segment:     def __init__(self, seg_type, size, data=None, data_offset=0, flags=0):         self.seg_type = seg_type         self.size = size         self.data_offset = data_offset         self.data = data         self.flags = flags         self.relocs = {}         self.symtab = None         self.id = None         self.file_data = None         self.debug_line = None

Далее, для класса BinFmtHunk добавим использование data_offset при создании сегментов. Делается это в методе create_image_from_load_seg_file в цикле перечисления сегмент-блоков:


create_image_from_load_seg_file
    segs = lsf.get_segments()     for seg in segs:         # what type of segment to we have?         blk_id = seg.seg_blk.blk_id         size = seg.size_longs * 4         data_offset = seg.seg_blk.data_offset         data = seg.seg_blk.data         if blk_id == HUNK_CODE:             seg_type = SEGMENT_TYPE_CODE         elif blk_id == HUNK_DATA:             seg_type = SEGMENT_TYPE_DATA         elif blk_id == HUNK_BSS:             seg_type = SEGMENT_TYPE_BSS         else:             raise HunkParseError("Unknown Segment Type for BinImage: %d" % blk_id)         # create seg         bs = Segment(seg_type, size, data, data_offset)         bs.set_file_data(seg)         bi.add_segment(bs)

Пишем код для IDA-колбэков


Теперь, когда всё необходимое у нас есть, давайте напишем код для колбэков. Первым будет accept_file:


accept_file
def accept_file(li, filename):     li.seek(0)      bf = BinFmtHunk()     tag = li.read(4)     tagf = StringIO.StringIO(tag)      if bf.is_image_fobj(tagf):         return {'format': 'Amiga Hunk executable', 'processor': '68040'}     else:         return 0

Тут всё просто: читаем первые 4 байта, делаем из них виртуальный файл (StringIO), и передаём его в функцию is_image_fobj, которая возвращает True, если файл подходящего формата. В таком случае, возвращаем словарь с двумя полями format (текстовое описание загружаемого формата), и processor (под какую платформу написан исполняемый код).


Далее, необходимо загрузить файл в IDB-базу. Тут посложнее. Первое, что необходимо сделать, это принудительно установить тип процессора на необходимый Motorola 68040:


idaapi.set_processor_type('68040', ida_idp.SETPROC_LOADER)

Установим флаги для загрузчика, чтобы не распознавалась всякая дичь, и не делались массивы из всего подряд (описание флагов можно почитать здесь ):


idaapi.cvar.inf.af = idaapi.AF_CODE | idaapi.AF_JUMPTBL | idaapi.AF_USED | idaapi.AF_UNK |      idaapi.AF_PROC | idaapi.AF_LVAR | idaapi.AF_STKARG | idaapi.AF_REGARG |      idaapi.AF_TRACE | idaapi.AF_VERSP | idaapi.AF_ANORET | idaapi.AF_MEMFUNC |      idaapi.AF_TRFUNC | idaapi.AF_FIXUP | idaapi.AF_JFUNC | idaapi.AF_NULLSUB |      idaapi.AF_NULLSUB | idaapi.AF_IMMOFF | idaapi.AF_STRLIT

Передадим содержимое загружаемого файла в BinFmtHunk (парсинг, и всё такое):


li.seek(0) data = li.read(li.size())  bf = BinFmtHunk() fobj = StringIO.StringIO(data) bi = bf.load_image_fobj(fobj)

С нулевым адресом загрузки предлагаю расправиться выбрав другой ImageBase. К слову, исполняемые файлы в AmigaOS загружаются лишь по доступным адресам, виртуальных адресов там нет. Я выбрал 0x21F000 – красиво, и вряд ли совпадёт с какой-нибудь константой. Применим его:


rel = Relocate(bi)  # new segment addresses are in this list addrs = rel.get_seq_addrs(0x21F000)  # new segment datas with applied relocations are in this list datas = rel.relocate(addrs)

Добавим стартовый адрес, с которого начинается исполнение программы:


# addrs[0] points to the first segment' entry point # 1 means that the entry point contains some executable code idaapi.add_entry(addrs[0], addrs[0], "start", 1)

Пора грузить сегменты в базу и создавать релоки (в терминологии IDA: reloc == fixup):


for seg in bi.get_segments():     offset = addrs[seg.id]     size = seg.size      to_segs = seg.get_reloc_to_segs()     for to_seg in to_segs:         reloc = seg.get_reloc(to_seg)         for r in reloc.get_relocs():             offset2 = r.get_offset()             rel_off = Relocate.read_long(datas[seg.id], offset2)             addr = offset + rel_off + r.addend              fd = idaapi.fixup_data_t(idaapi.FIXUP_OFF32)             fd.off = addr             fd.set(offset + offset2)      idaapi.mem2base(str(datas[seg.id]), offset, seg.data_offset)     idaapi.add_segm(0, offset, offset + size, 'SEG_%02d' % seg.id, seg.get_type_name())

Финалочка для load_file:


return 1

Код move_segm просто берём без изменений.


Итоговый код загрузчика и выводы


amiga_hunk.py
import idaapi import ida_idp import ida_fixup  import StringIO import struct  HUNK_UNIT = 999 HUNK_NAME = 1000 HUNK_CODE = 1001 HUNK_DATA = 1002 HUNK_BSS = 1003 HUNK_ABSRELOC32 = 1004 HUNK_RELRELOC16 = 1005 HUNK_RELRELOC8 = 1006 HUNK_EXT = 1007 HUNK_SYMBOL = 1008 HUNK_DEBUG = 1009 HUNK_END = 1010 HUNK_HEADER = 1011  HUNK_OVERLAY = 1013 HUNK_BREAK = 1014 HUNK_DREL32 = 1015 HUNK_DREL16 = 1016 HUNK_DREL8 = 1017 HUNK_LIB = 1018 HUNK_INDEX = 1019 HUNK_RELOC32SHORT = 1020 HUNK_RELRELOC32 = 1021 HUNK_ABSRELOC16 = 1022  HUNK_PPC_CODE = 1257 HUNK_RELRELOC26 = 1260  hunk_names = {     HUNK_UNIT: "HUNK_UNIT",     HUNK_NAME: "HUNK_NAME",     HUNK_CODE: "HUNK_CODE",     HUNK_DATA: "HUNK_DATA",     HUNK_BSS: "HUNK_BSS",     HUNK_ABSRELOC32: "HUNK_ABSRELOC32",     HUNK_RELRELOC16: "HUNK_RELRELOC16",     HUNK_RELRELOC8: "HUNK_RELRELOC8",     HUNK_EXT: "HUNK_EXT",     HUNK_SYMBOL: "HUNK_SYMBOL",     HUNK_DEBUG: "HUNK_DEBUG",     HUNK_END: "HUNK_END",     HUNK_HEADER: "HUNK_HEADER",     HUNK_OVERLAY: "HUNK_OVERLAY",     HUNK_BREAK: "HUNK_BREAK",     HUNK_DREL32: "HUNK_DREL32",     HUNK_DREL16: "HUNK_DREL16",     HUNK_DREL8: "HUNK_DREL8",     HUNK_LIB: "HUNK_LIB",     HUNK_INDEX: "HUNK_INDEX",     HUNK_RELOC32SHORT: "HUNK_RELOC32SHORT",     HUNK_RELRELOC32: "HUNK_RELRELOC32",     HUNK_ABSRELOC16: "HUNK_ABSRELOC16",     HUNK_PPC_CODE: "HUNK_PPC_CODE",     HUNK_RELRELOC26: "HUNK_RELRELOC26", }  EXT_SYMB = 0 EXT_DEF = 1 EXT_ABS = 2 EXT_RES = 3 EXT_ABSREF32 = 129 EXT_ABSCOMMON = 130 EXT_RELREF16 = 131 EXT_RELREF8 = 132 EXT_DEXT32 = 133 EXT_DEXT16 = 134 EXT_DEXT8 = 135 EXT_RELREF32 = 136 EXT_RELCOMMON = 137 EXT_ABSREF16 = 138 EXT_ABSREF8 = 139 EXT_RELREF26 = 229  TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0 TYPE_LOADSEG = 1 TYPE_UNIT = 2 TYPE_LIB = 3  HUNK_TYPE_MASK = 0xffff  SEGMENT_TYPE_CODE = 0 SEGMENT_TYPE_DATA = 1 SEGMENT_TYPE_BSS = 2  BIN_IMAGE_TYPE_HUNK = 0  segment_type_names = [     "CODE", "DATA", "BSS" ]  loadseg_valid_begin_hunks = [     HUNK_CODE,     HUNK_DATA,     HUNK_BSS,     HUNK_PPC_CODE ]  loadseg_valid_extra_hunks = [     HUNK_ABSRELOC32,     HUNK_RELOC32SHORT,     HUNK_DEBUG,     HUNK_SYMBOL,     HUNK_NAME ]  class HunkParseError(Exception):     def __init__(self, msg):         self.msg = msg      def __str__(self):         return self.msg  class HunkBlock:     """Base class for all hunk block types"""      def __init__(self):         pass      blk_id = 0xdeadbeef     sub_offset = None  # used inside LIB      @staticmethod     def _read_long(f):         """read a 4 byte long"""         data = f.read(4)         if len(data) != 4:             raise HunkParseError("read_long failed")         return struct.unpack(">I", data)[0]      @staticmethod     def _read_word(f):         """read a 2 byte word"""         data = f.read(2)         if len(data) != 2:             raise HunkParseError("read_word failed")         return struct.unpack(">H", data)[0]      def _read_name(self, f):         """read name stored in longs            return size, string         """         num_longs = self._read_long(f)         if num_longs == 0:             return 0, ""         else:             return self._read_name_size(f, num_longs)      @staticmethod     def _read_name_size(f, num_longs):         size = (num_longs & 0xffffff) * 4         data = f.read(size)         if len(data) < size:             return -1, None         endpos = data.find('0')         if endpos == -1:             return size, data         elif endpos == 0:             return 0, ""         else:             return size, data[:endpos]      @staticmethod     def _write_long(f, v):         data = struct.pack(">I", v)         f.write(data)      @staticmethod     def _write_word(f, v):         data = struct.pack(">H", v)         f.write(data)      def _write_name(self, f, s, tag=None):         n = len(s)         num_longs = int((n + 3) / 4)         b = bytearray(num_longs * 4)         if n > 0:             b[0:n] = s         if tag is not None:             num_longs |= tag << 24         self._write_long(f, num_longs)         f.write(b)  class HunkHeaderBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_HEADER - header block of Load Modules"""      blk_id = HUNK_HEADER      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.reslib_names = []         self.table_size = 0         self.first_hunk = 0         self.last_hunk = 0         self.hunk_table = []      def setup(self, hunk_sizes):         # easy setup for given number of hunks         n = len(hunk_sizes)         if n == 0:             raise HunkParseError("No hunks for HUNK_HEADER given")         self.table_size = n         self.first_hunk = 0         self.last_hunk = n - 1         self.hunk_table = hunk_sizes      def parse(self, f):         # parse resident library names (AOS 1.x only)         while True:             l, s = self._read_name(f)             if l < 0:                 raise HunkParseError("Error parsing HUNK_HEADER names")             elif l == 0:                 break             self.reslib_names.append(s)          # table size and hunk range         self.table_size = self._read_long(f)         self.first_hunk = self._read_long(f)         self.last_hunk = self._read_long(f)         if self.table_size < 0 or self.first_hunk < 0 or self.last_hunk < 0:             raise HunkParseError("HUNK_HEADER invalid table_size or first_hunk or last_hunk")          # determine number of hunks in size table         num_hunks = self.last_hunk - self.first_hunk + 1         for a in xrange(num_hunks):             hunk_size = self._read_long(f)             if hunk_size < 0:                 raise HunkParseError("HUNK_HEADER contains invalid hunk_size")             # note that the upper bits are the target memory type. We only have FAST,             # so let's forget about them for a moment.             self.hunk_table.append(hunk_size & 0x3fffffff)      def write(self, f):         # write residents         for reslib in self.reslib_names:             self._write_name(f, reslib)         self._write_long(f, 0)         # table size and hunk range         self._write_long(f, self.table_size)         self._write_long(f, self.first_hunk)         self._write_long(f, self.last_hunk)         # sizes         for hunk_size in self.hunk_table:             self._write_long(f, hunk_size)  class HunkSegmentBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_CODE, HUNK_DATA, HUNK_BSS"""      def __init__(self, blk_id=None, data=None, data_offset=0, size_longs=0):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         if blk_id is not None:             self.blk_id = blk_id         self.data = data         self.data_offset = data_offset         self.size_longs = size_longs      def parse(self, f):         size = self._read_long(f)         self.size_longs = size         if self.blk_id != HUNK_BSS:             size *= 4             self.data_offset = f.tell()             self.data = f.read(size)      def write(self, f):         self._write_long(f, self.size_longs)          if self.data is not None:             f.write(self.data)  class HunkRelocLongBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_ABSRELOC32 - relocations stored in longs"""      def __init__(self, blk_id=None, relocs=None):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         if blk_id is not None:             self.blk_id = blk_id         # map hunk number to list of relocations (i.e. byte offsets in long)         if relocs is None:             self.relocs = []         else:             self.relocs = relocs      def parse(self, f):         while True:             num = self._read_long(f)             if num == 0:                 break             hunk_num = self._read_long(f)             offsets = []             for i in xrange(num):                 off = self._read_long(f)                 offsets.append(off)             self.relocs.append((hunk_num, offsets))      def write(self, f):         for reloc in self.relocs:             hunk_num, offsets = reloc             self._write_long(f, len(offsets))             self._write_long(f, hunk_num)             for off in offsets:                 self._write_long(f, off)         self._write_long(f, 0)  class HunkRelocWordBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_RELOC32SHORT - relocations stored in words"""      def __init__(self, blk_id=None, relocs=None):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         if blk_id is not None:             self.blk_id = blk_id         # list of tuples (hunk_no, [offsets])         if relocs is None:             self.relocs = []         else:             self.relocs = relocs      def parse(self, f):         num_words = 0         while True:             num_offs = self._read_word(f)             num_words += 1             if num_offs == 0:                 break             hunk_num = self._read_word(f)             num_words += num_offs + 1             offsets = []             for i in xrange(num_offs):                 off = self._read_word(f)                 offsets.append(off)             self.relocs.append((hunk_num, offsets))         # pad to long         if num_words % 2 == 1:             self._read_word(f)      def write(self, f):         num_words = 0         for hunk_num, offsets in self.relocs:             num_offs = len(offsets)             self._write_word(f, num_offs)             self._write_word(f, hunk_num)             for i in xrange(num_offs):                 self._write_word(f, offsets[i])             num_words += 2 + num_offs         # end         self._write_word(f, 0)         num_words += 1         # padding?         if num_words % 2 == 1:             self._write_word(f, 0)  class HunkEndBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_END"""     blk_id = HUNK_END      def parse(self, f):         pass      def write(self, f):         pass  class HunkOverlayBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_OVERLAY"""     blk_id = HUNK_OVERLAY      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.data_offset = 0         self.data = None      def parse(self, f):         num_longs = self._read_long(f)         self.data_offset = f.tell()         self.data = f.read(num_longs * 4)      def write(self, f):         self._write_long(f, int(self.data / 4))         f.write(self.data)  class HunkBreakBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_BREAK"""     blk_id = HUNK_BREAK      def parse(self, f):         pass      def write(self, f):         pass  class HunkDebugBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_DEBUG"""     blk_id = HUNK_DEBUG      def __init__(self, debug_data=None):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.debug_data = debug_data      def parse(self, f):         num_longs = self._read_long(f)         num_bytes = num_longs * 4         self.debug_data = f.read(num_bytes)      def write(self, f):         num_longs = int(len(self.debug_data) / 4)         self._write_long(f, num_longs)         f.write(self.debug_data)  class HunkSymbolBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_SYMBOL"""     blk_id = HUNK_SYMBOL      def __init__(self, symbols=None):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         if symbols is None:             self.symbols = []         else:             self.symbols = symbols      def parse(self, f):         while True:             s, n = self._read_name(f)             if s == 0:                 break             off = self._read_long(f)             self.symbols.append((n, off))      def write(self, f):         for sym, off in self.symbols:             self._write_name(f, sym)             self._write_long(f, off)         self._write_long(f, 0)  class HunkUnitBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_UNIT"""     blk_id = HUNK_UNIT      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.name = None      def parse(self, f):         _, self.name = self._read_name(f)      def write(self, f):         self._write_name(f, self.name)  class HunkNameBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_NAME"""     blk_id = HUNK_NAME      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.name = None      def parse(self, f):         _, self.name = self._read_name(f)      def write(self, f):         self._write_name(f, self.name)  class HunkExtEntry:     """helper class for HUNK_EXT entries"""      def __init__(self, name, ext_type, value, bss_size, offsets):         self.name = name         self.ext_type = ext_type         self.def_value = value  # defs only         self.bss_size = bss_size  # ABSCOMMON only         self.ref_offsets = offsets  # refs only: list of offsets  class HunkExtBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_EXT"""     blk_id = HUNK_EXT      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.entries = []      def parse(self, f):         while True:             tag = self._read_long(f)             if tag == 0:                 break             ext_type = tag >> 24             name_len = tag & 0xffffff             _, name = self._read_name_size(f, name_len)             # add on for type             bss_size = None             offsets = None             value = None             # ABSCOMMON -> bss size             if ext_type == EXT_ABSCOMMON:                 bss_size = self._read_long(f)             # is a reference             elif ext_type >= 0x80:                 num_refs = self._read_long(f)                 offsets = []                 for i in xrange(num_refs):                     off = self._read_long(f)                     offsets.append(off)             # is a definition             else:                 value = self._read_long(f)             e = HunkExtEntry(name, ext_type, value, bss_size, offsets)             self.entries.append(e)      def write(self, f):         for entry in self.entries:             ext_type = entry.ext_type             self._write_name(f, entry.name, tag=ext_type)             # ABSCOMMON             if ext_type == EXT_ABSCOMMON:                 self._write_long(f, entry.bss_size)             # is a reference             elif ext_type >= 0x80:                 num_offsets = len(entry.ref_offsets)                 self._write_long(f, num_offsets)                 for off in entry.ref_offsets:                     self._write_long(f, off)             # is a definition             else:                 self._write_long(f, entry.def_value)         self._write_long(f, 0)  class HunkLibBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_LIB"""     blk_id = HUNK_LIB      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.blocks = []         self.offsets = []      def parse(self, f, is_load_seg=False):         num_longs = self._read_long(f)         pos = f.tell()         end_pos = pos + num_longs * 4         # first read block id         while pos < end_pos:             tag = f.read(4)             # EOF             if len(tag) == 0:                 break             elif len(tag) != 4:                 raise HunkParseError("Hunk block tag too short!")             blk_id = struct.unpack(">I", tag)[0]             # mask out mem flags             blk_id = blk_id & HUNK_TYPE_MASK             # look up block type             if blk_id in hunk_block_type_map:                 blk_type = hunk_block_type_map[blk_id]                 # create block and parse                 block = blk_type()                 block.blk_id = blk_id                 block.parse(f)                 self.offsets.append(pos)                 self.blocks.append(block)             else:                 raise HunkParseError("Unsupported hunk type: %04d" % blk_id)             pos = f.tell()      def write(self, f):         # write dummy length (fill in later)         pos = f.tell()         start = pos         self._write_long(f, 0)         self.offsets = []         # write blocks         for block in self.blocks:             block_id = block.blk_id             block_id_raw = struct.pack(">I", block_id)             f.write(block_id_raw)             # write block itself             block.write(f)             # update offsets             self.offsets.append(pos)             pos = f.tell()         # fill in size         end = f.tell()         size = end - start - 4         num_longs = size / 4         f.seek(start, 0)         self._write_long(f, num_longs)         f.seek(end, 0)  class HunkIndexUnitEntry:     def __init__(self, name_off, first_hunk_long_off):         self.name_off = name_off         self.first_hunk_long_off = first_hunk_long_off         self.index_hunks = []  class HunkIndexHunkEntry:     def __init__(self, name_off, hunk_longs, hunk_ctype):         self.name_off = name_off         self.hunk_longs = hunk_longs         self.hunk_ctype = hunk_ctype         self.sym_refs = []         self.sym_defs = []  class HunkIndexSymbolRef:     def __init__(self, name_off):         self.name_off = name_off  class HunkIndexSymbolDef:     def __init__(self, name_off, value, sym_ctype):         self.name_off = name_off         self.value = value         self.sym_ctype = sym_ctype  class HunkIndexBlock(HunkBlock):     """HUNK_INDEX"""     blk_id = HUNK_INDEX      def __init__(self):         HunkBlock.__init__(self)         self.strtab = None         self.units = []      def parse(self, f):         num_longs = self._read_long(f)         num_words = num_longs * 2         # string table size         strtab_size = self._read_word(f)         self.strtab = f.read(strtab_size)         num_words = num_words - (strtab_size / 2) - 1         # read index unit blocks         while num_words > 1:             # unit description             name_off = self._read_word(f)             first_hunk_long_off = self._read_word(f)             num_hunks = self._read_word(f)             num_words -= 3             unit_entry = HunkIndexUnitEntry(name_off, first_hunk_long_off)             self.units.append(unit_entry)             for i in xrange(num_hunks):                 # hunk description                 name_off = self._read_word(f)                 hunk_longs = self._read_word(f)                 hunk_ctype = self._read_word(f)                 hunk_entry = HunkIndexHunkEntry(name_off, hunk_longs, hunk_ctype)                 unit_entry.index_hunks.append(hunk_entry)                 # refs                 num_refs = self._read_word(f)                 for j in xrange(num_refs):                     name_off = self._read_word(f)                     hunk_entry.sym_refs.append(HunkIndexSymbolRef(name_off))                 # defs                 num_defs = self._read_word(f)                 for j in xrange(num_defs):                     name_off = self._read_word(f)                     value = self._read_word(f)                     stype = self._read_word(f)                     hunk_entry.sym_defs.append(HunkIndexSymbolDef(name_off, value, stype))                 # calc word size                 num_words = num_words - (5 + num_refs + num_defs * 3)         # alignment word?         if num_words == 1:             self._read_word(f)      def write(self, f):         # write dummy size         num_longs_pos = f.tell()         self._write_long(f, 0)         num_words = 0         # write string table         size_strtab = len(self.strtab)         self._write_word(f, size_strtab)         f.write(self.strtab)         num_words += size_strtab / 2 + 1         # write unit blocks         for unit in self.units:             self._write_word(f, unit.name_off)             self._write_word(f, unit.first_hunk_long_off)             self._write_word(f, len(unit.index_hunks))             num_words += 3             for index in unit.index_hunks:                 self._write_word(f, index.name_off)                 self._write_word(f, index.hunk_longs)                 self._write_word(f, index.hunk_ctype)                 # refs                 num_refs = len(index.sym_refs)                 self._write_word(f, num_refs)                 for sym_ref in index.sym_refs:                     self._write_word(f, sym_ref.name_off)                 # defs                 num_defs = len(index.sym_defs)                 self._write_word(f, num_defs)                 for sym_def in index.sym_defs:                     self._write_word(f, sym_def.name_off)                     self._write_word(f, sym_def.value)                     self._write_word(f, sym_def.sym_ctype)                 # count words                 num_words += 5 + num_refs + num_defs * 3         # alignment word?         if num_words % 2 == 1:             num_words += 1             self._write_word(f, 0)         # fill in real size         pos = f.tell()         f.seek(num_longs_pos, 0)         self._write_long(f, num_words / 2)         f.seek(pos, 0)  # map the hunk types to the block classes hunk_block_type_map = {     # Load Module     HUNK_HEADER: HunkHeaderBlock,     HUNK_CODE: HunkSegmentBlock,     HUNK_DATA: HunkSegmentBlock,     HUNK_BSS: HunkSegmentBlock,     HUNK_ABSRELOC32: HunkRelocLongBlock,     HUNK_RELOC32SHORT: HunkRelocWordBlock,     HUNK_END: HunkEndBlock,     HUNK_DEBUG: HunkDebugBlock,     HUNK_SYMBOL: HunkSymbolBlock,     # Overlays     HUNK_OVERLAY: HunkOverlayBlock,     HUNK_BREAK: HunkBreakBlock,     # Object Module     HUNK_UNIT: HunkUnitBlock,     HUNK_NAME: HunkNameBlock,     HUNK_RELRELOC16: HunkRelocLongBlock,     HUNK_RELRELOC8: HunkRelocLongBlock,     HUNK_DREL32: HunkRelocLongBlock,     HUNK_DREL16: HunkRelocLongBlock,     HUNK_DREL8: HunkRelocLongBlock,     HUNK_EXT: HunkExtBlock,     # New Library     HUNK_LIB: HunkLibBlock,     HUNK_INDEX: HunkIndexBlock }  class HunkBlockFile:     """The HunkBlockFile holds the list of blocks found in a hunk file"""      def __init__(self, blocks=None):         if blocks is None:             self.blocks = []         else:             self.blocks = blocks      def get_blocks(self):         return self.blocks      def set_blocks(self, blocks):         self.blocks = blocks      def read_path(self, path_name, is_load_seg=False):         f = open(path_name, "rb")         self.read(f, is_load_seg)         f.close()      def read(self, f, is_load_seg=False):         """read a hunk file and fill block list"""         while True:             # first read block id             tag = f.read(4)             # EOF             if len(tag) == 0:                 break             elif len(tag) != 4:                 raise HunkParseError("Hunk block tag too short!")             blk_id = struct.unpack(">I", tag)[0]             # mask out mem flags             blk_id = blk_id & HUNK_TYPE_MASK             # look up block type             if blk_id in hunk_block_type_map:                 # v37 special case: 1015 is 1020 (HUNK_RELOC32SHORT)                 # we do this only in LoadSeg() files                 if is_load_seg and blk_id == HUNK_DREL32:                     blk_id = HUNK_RELOC32SHORT                 blk_type = hunk_block_type_map[blk_id]                 # create block and parse                 block = blk_type()                 block.blk_id = blk_id                 block.parse(f)                 self.blocks.append(block)             else:                 raise HunkParseError("Unsupported hunk type: %04d" % blk_id)      def write_path(self, path_name):         f = open(path_name, "wb")         self.write(f)         f.close()      def write(self, f, is_load_seg=False):         """write a hunk file back to file object"""         for block in self.blocks:             # write block id             block_id = block.blk_id             # convert id             if is_load_seg and block_id == HUNK_RELOC32SHORT:                 block_id = HUNK_DREL32             block_id_raw = struct.pack(">I", block_id)             f.write(block_id_raw)             # write block itself             block.write(f)      def detect_type(self):         """look at blocks and try to deduce the type of hunk file"""         if len(self.blocks) == 0:             return TYPE_UNKNOWN         first_block = self.blocks[0]         blk_id = first_block.blk_id         return self._map_blkid_to_type(blk_id)      def peek_type(self, f):         """look into given file obj stream to determine file format.            stream is read and later on seek'ed back."""         pos = f.tell()         tag = f.read(4)         # EOF         if len(tag) == 0:             return TYPE_UNKNOWN         elif len(tag) != 4:             f.seek(pos, 0)             return TYPE_UNKNOWN         else:             blk_id = struct.unpack(">I", tag)[0]             f.seek(pos, 0)             return self._map_blkid_to_type(blk_id)      @staticmethod     def _map_blkid_to_type(blk_id):         if blk_id == HUNK_HEADER:             return TYPE_LOADSEG         elif blk_id == HUNK_UNIT:             return TYPE_UNIT         elif blk_id == HUNK_LIB:             return TYPE_LIB         else:             return TYPE_UNKNOWN      def get_block_type_names(self):         """return a string array with the names of all block types"""         res = []         for blk in self.blocks:             blk_id = blk.blk_id             name = hunk_names[blk_id]             res.append(name)         return res  class DebugLineEntry:     def __init__(self, offset, src_line, flags=0):         self.offset = offset         self.src_line = src_line         self.flags = flags         self.file_ = None      def get_offset(self):         return self.offset      def get_src_line(self):         return self.src_line      def get_flags(self):         return self.flags      def get_file(self):         return self.file_  class DebugLineFile:     def __init__(self, src_file, dir_name=None, base_offset=0):         self.src_file = src_file         self.dir_name = dir_name         self.base_offset = base_offset         self.entries = []      def get_src_file(self):         return self.src_file      def get_dir_name(self):         return self.dir_name      def get_entries(self):         return self.entries      def get_base_offset(self):         return self.base_offset      def add_entry(self, e):         self.entries.append(e)         e.file_ = self  class DebugLine:     def __init__(self):         self.files = []      def add_file(self, src_file):         self.files.append(src_file)      def get_files(self):         return self.files  class Symbol:     def __init__(self, offset, name, file_name=None):         self.offset = offset         self.name = name         self.file_name = file_name      def get_offset(self):         return self.offset      def get_name(self):         return self.name      def get_file_name(self):         return self.file_name  class SymbolTable:     def __init__(self):         self.symbols = []      def add_symbol(self, symbol):         self.symbols.append(symbol)      def get_symbols(self):         return self.symbols  class Reloc:     def __init__(self, offset, width=2, addend=0):         self.offset = offset         self.width = width         self.addend = addend      def get_offset(self):         return self.offset      def get_width(self):         return self.width      def get_addend(self):         return self.addend  class Relocations:     def __init__(self, to_seg):         self.to_seg = to_seg         self.entries = []      def add_reloc(self, reloc):         self.entries.append(reloc)      def get_relocs(self):         return self.entries  class Segment:     def __init__(self, seg_type, size, data=None, data_offset=0, flags=0):         self.seg_type = seg_type         self.size = size         self.data_offset = data_offset         self.data = data         self.flags = flags         self.relocs = {}         self.symtab = None         self.id = None         self.file_data = None         self.debug_line = None      def __str__(self):         # relocs         relocs = []         for to_seg in self.relocs:             r = self.relocs[to_seg]             relocs.append("(#%d:size=%d)" % (to_seg.id, len(r.entries)))         # symtab         if self.symtab is not None:             symtab = "symtab=#%d" % len(self.symtab.symbols)         else:             symtab = ""         # debug_line         if self.debug_line is not None:             dl_files = self.debug_line.get_files()             file_info = []             for dl_file in dl_files:                 n = len(dl_file.entries)                 file_info.append("(%s:#%d)" % (dl_file.src_file, n))             debug_line = "debug_line=" + ",".join(file_info)         else:             debug_line = ""         # summary         return "[#%d:%s:size=%d,flags=%d,%s,%s,%s]" % (self.id,                                                        segment_type_names[self.seg_type], self.size, self.flags,                                                        ",".join(relocs), symtab, debug_line)      def get_type(self):         return self.seg_type      def get_type_name(self):         return segment_type_names[self.seg_type]      def get_size(self):         return self.size      def get_data(self):         return self.data      def add_reloc(self, to_seg, relocs):         self.relocs[to_seg] = relocs      def get_reloc_to_segs(self):         keys = self.relocs.keys()         return sorted(keys, key=lambda x: x.id)      def get_reloc(self, to_seg):         if to_seg in self.relocs:             return self.relocs[to_seg]         else:             return None      def set_symtab(self, symtab):         self.symtab = symtab      def get_symtab(self):         return self.symtab      def set_debug_line(self, debug_line):         self.debug_line = debug_line      def get_debug_line(self):         return self.debug_line      def set_file_data(self, file_data):         """set associated loaded binary file"""         self.file_data = file_data      def get_file_data(self):         """get associated loaded binary file"""         return self.file_data      def find_symbol(self, offset):         symtab = self.get_symtab()         if symtab is None:             return None         for symbol in symtab.get_symbols():             off = symbol.get_offset()             if off == offset:                 return symbol.get_name()         return None      def find_reloc(self, offset, size):         to_segs = self.get_reloc_to_segs()         for to_seg in to_segs:             reloc = self.get_reloc(to_seg)             for r in reloc.get_relocs():                 off = r.get_offset()                 if offset <= off <= (offset + size):                     return r, to_seg, off         return None      def find_debug_line(self, offset):         debug_line = self.debug_line         if debug_line is None:             return None         for df in debug_line.get_files():             for e in df.get_entries():                 if e.get_offset() == offset:                     return e         return None  class BinImage:     """A binary image contains all the segments of a program's binary image.     """      def __init__(self, file_type):         self.segments = []         self.file_data = None         self.file_type = file_type      def __str__(self):         return "<%s>" % ",".join(map(str, self.segments))      def get_size(self):         total_size = 0         for seg in self.segments:             total_size += seg.get_size()         return total_size      def add_segment(self, seg):         seg.id = len(self.segments)         self.segments.append(seg)      def get_segments(self):         return self.segments      def set_file_data(self, file_data):         """set associated loaded binary file"""         self.file_data = file_data      def get_file_data(self):         """get associated loaded binary file"""         return self.file_data      def get_segment_names(self):         names = []         for seg in self.segments:             names.append(seg.get_type_name())         return names  class HunkDebugLineEntry:     def __init__(self, offset, src_line):         self.offset = offset         self.src_line = src_line      def __str__(self):         return "[+%08x: %d]" % (self.offset, self.src_line)      def get_offset(self):         return self.offset      def get_src_line(self):         return self.src_line  class HunkDebugLine:     """structure to hold source line info"""      def __init__(self, src_file, base_offset):         self.tag = 'LINE'         self.src_file = src_file         self.base_offset = base_offset         self.entries = []      def add_entry(self, offset, src_line):         self.entries.append(HunkDebugLineEntry(offset, src_line))      def __str__(self):         prefix = "{%s,%s,@%08x:" % (self.tag, self.src_file, self.base_offset)         return prefix + ",".join(map(str, self.entries)) + "}"      def get_src_file(self):         return self.src_file      def get_base_offset(self):         return self.base_offset      def get_entries(self):         return self.entries  class HunkDebugAny:     def __init__(self, tag, data, base_offset):         self.tag = tag         self.data = data         self.base_offset = base_offset      def __str__(self):         return "{%s,%d,%s}" % (self.tag, self.base_offset, self.data)  class HunkDebug:     def encode(self, debug_info):         """encode a debug info and return a debug_data chunk"""         out = StringIO.StringIO()         # +0: base offset         self._write_long(out, debug_info.base_offset)         # +4: type tag         tag = debug_info.tag         out.write(tag)         if tag == 'LINE':             # file name             self._write_string(out, debug_info.src_file)             # entries             for e in debug_info.entries:                 self._write_long(out, e.src_line)                 self._write_long(out, e.offset)         elif tag == 'HEAD':             out.write("DBGV0100")             out.write(debug_info.data)         else:  # any             out.write(debug_info.data)         # retrieve result         res = out.getvalue()         out.close()         return res      def decode(self, debug_data):         """decode a data block from a debug hunk"""         if len(debug_data) < 12:             return None         # +0: base_offset for file         base_offset = self._read_long(debug_data, 0)         # +4: tag         tag = debug_data[4:8]         if tag == 'LINE':  # SAS/C source line info             # +8: string file name             src_file, src_size = self._read_string(debug_data, 8)             dl = HunkDebugLine(src_file, base_offset)             off = 12 + src_size             num = (len(debug_data) - off) / 8             for i in range(num):                 src_line = self._read_long(debug_data, off)                 offset = self._read_long(debug_data, off + 4)                 off += 8                 dl.add_entry(offset, src_line)             return dl         elif tag == 'HEAD':             tag2 = debug_data[8:16]             assert tag2 == "DBGV0100"             data = debug_data[16:]             return HunkDebugAny(tag, data, base_offset)         else:             data = debug_data[8:]             return HunkDebugAny(tag, data, base_offset)      def _read_string(self, buf, pos):         size = self._read_long(buf, pos) * 4         off = pos + 4         data = buf[off:off + size]         pos = data.find('0')         if pos == 0:             return "", size         elif pos != -1:             return data[:pos], size         else:             return data, size      def _write_string(self, f, s):         n = len(s)         num_longs = int((n + 3) / 4)         self._write_long(f, num_longs)         add = num_longs * 4 - n         if add > 0:             s += '0' * add         f.write(s)      def _read_long(self, buf, pos):         return struct.unpack_from(">I", buf, pos)[0]      def _write_long(self, f, v):         data = struct.pack(">I", v)         f.write(data)  class HunkSegment:     """holds a code, data, or bss hunk/segment"""      def __init__(self):         self.blocks = None         self.seg_blk = None         self.symbol_blk = None         self.reloc_blks = None         self.debug_blks = None         self.debug_infos = None      def __repr__(self):         return "[seg=%s,symbol=%s,reloc=%s,debug=%s,debug_info=%s]" %                 (self._blk_str(self.seg_blk),                 self._blk_str(self.symbol_blk),                 self._blk_str_list(self.reloc_blks),                 self._blk_str_list(self.debug_blks),                 self._debug_infos_str())      def setup_code(self, data):         data, size_longs = self._pad_data(data)         self.seg_blk = HunkSegmentBlock(HUNK_CODE, data, size_longs)      def setup_data(self, data):         data, size_longs = self._pad_data(data)         self.seg_blk = HunkSegmentBlock(HUNK_DATA, data, size_longs)      @staticmethod     def _pad_data(data):         size_bytes = len(data)         bytes_mod = size_bytes % 4         if bytes_mod > 0:             add = 4 - bytes_mod             data = data + '0' * add         size_long = int((size_bytes + 3) / 4)         return data, size_long      def setup_bss(self, size_bytes):         size_longs = int((size_bytes + 3) / 4)         self.seg_blk = HunkSegmentBlock(HUNK_BSS, None, size_longs)      def setup_relocs(self, relocs, force_long=False):         """relocs: ((hunk_num, (off1, off2, ...)), ...)"""         if force_long:             use_short = False         else:             use_short = self._are_relocs_short(relocs)         if use_short:             self.reloc_blks = [HunkRelocWordBlock(HUNK_RELOC32SHORT, relocs)]         else:             self.reloc_blks = [HunkRelocLongBlock(HUNK_ABSRELOC32, relocs)]      def setup_symbols(self, symbols):         """symbols: ((name, off), ...)"""         self.symbol_blk = HunkSymbolBlock(symbols)      def setup_debug(self, debug_info):         if self.debug_infos is None:             self.debug_infos = []         self.debug_infos.append(debug_info)         hd = HunkDebug()         debug_data = hd.encode(debug_info)         blk = HunkDebugBlock(debug_data)         if self.debug_blks is None:             self.debug_blks = []         self.debug_blks.append(blk)      @staticmethod     def _are_relocs_short(relocs):         for hunk_num, offsets in relocs:             for off in offsets:                 if off > 65535:                     return False         return True      def _debug_infos_str(self):         if self.debug_infos is None:             return "n/a"         else:             return ",".join(map(str, self.debug_infos))      @staticmethod     def _blk_str(blk):         if blk is None:             return "n/a"         else:             return hunk_names[blk.blk_id]      @staticmethod     def _blk_str_list(blk_list):         res = []         if blk_list is None:             return "n/a"         for blk in blk_list:             res.append(hunk_names[blk.blk_id])         return ",".join(res)      def parse(self, blocks):         hd = HunkDebug()         self.blocks = blocks         for blk in blocks:             blk_id = blk.blk_id             if blk_id in loadseg_valid_begin_hunks:                 self.seg_blk = blk             elif blk_id == HUNK_SYMBOL:                 if self.symbol_blk is None:                     self.symbol_blk = blk                 else:                     raise Exception("duplicate symbols in hunk")             elif blk_id == HUNK_DEBUG:                 if self.debug_blks is None:                     self.debug_blks = []                 self.debug_blks.append(blk)                 # decode hunk debug info                 debug_info = hd.decode(blk.debug_data)                 if debug_info is not None:                     if self.debug_infos is None:                         self.debug_infos = []                     self.debug_infos.append(debug_info)             elif blk_id in (HUNK_ABSRELOC32, HUNK_RELOC32SHORT):                 if self.reloc_blks is None:                     self.reloc_blks = []                 self.reloc_blks.append(blk)             else:                 raise HunkParseError("invalid hunk block")      def create(self, blocks):         # already has blocks?         if self.blocks is not None:             blocks += self.blocks             return self.seg_blk.size_longs         # start with segment block         if self.seg_blk is None:             raise HunkParseError("no segment block!")         self.blocks = [self.seg_blk]         # has relocations         if self.reloc_blks is not None:             self.blocks += self.reloc_blks         # has debug?         if self.debug_blks is not None:             self.blocks += self.debug_blks         # has symbols?         if self.symbol_blk is not None:             self.blocks.append(self.symbol_blk)         # store blocks         blocks += self.blocks         # return size of segment         return self.seg_blk.size_longs  class BinFmtHunk:     """Handle Amiga's native Hunk file format"""      def __init__(self):         pass      def is_image(self, path):         """check if a given file is a hunk LoadSeg file"""         with open(path, "rb") as f:             return self.is_image_fobj(f)      @staticmethod     def is_image_fobj(fobj):         """check if a given fobj is a hunk LoadSeg file"""         bf = HunkBlockFile()         bf_type = bf.peek_type(fobj)         return bf_type == TYPE_LOADSEG      def load_image(self, path):         """load a BinImage from a hunk file given via path"""         with open(path, "rb") as f:             return self.load_image_fobj(f)      def load_image_fobj(self, fobj):         """load a BinImage from a hunk file given via file obj"""         # read the hunk blocks         bf = HunkBlockFile()         bf.read(fobj, is_load_seg=True)         # derive load seg file         lsf = HunkLoadSegFile()         lsf.parse_block_file(bf)         # convert load seg file         return self.create_image_from_load_seg_file(lsf)      def save_image(self, path, bin_img):         """save a BinImage to a hunk file given via path"""         with open(path, "wb") as f:             self.save_image_fobj(f, bin_img)      def save_image_fobj(self, fobj, bin_img):         """save a BinImage to a hunk file given via file obj"""         lsf = self.create_load_seg_file_from_image(bin_img)         bf = lsf.create_block_file()         bf.write(fobj, is_load_seg=True)      def create_load_seg_file_from_image(self, bin_img):         """create a HunkLodSegFile from a BinImage"""         lsf = HunkLoadSegFile()         for seg in bin_img.segments:             seg_type = seg.get_type()             # create HunkSegment             lseg = HunkSegment()             lsf.add_segment(lseg)             if seg_type == SEGMENT_TYPE_CODE:                 lseg.setup_code(seg.data)             elif seg_type == SEGMENT_TYPE_DATA:                 lseg.setup_data(seg.data)             elif seg_type == SEGMENT_TYPE_BSS:                 lseg.setup_bss(seg.size)             else:                 raise HunkParseError("Unknown Segment Type in BinImage: %d" % seg_type)             # add relocs             self._add_bin_img_relocs(lseg, seg)             # add symbols             self._add_bin_img_symbols(lseg, seg)             # add debug info             self._add_bin_img_debug_info(lseg, seg)         return lsf      @staticmethod     def _add_bin_img_relocs(hunk_seg, seg):         reloc_segs = seg.get_reloc_to_segs()         hunk_relocs = []         for reloc_seg in reloc_segs:             seg_id = reloc_seg.id             reloc = seg.get_reloc(reloc_seg)             relocs = reloc.get_relocs()             offsets = []             for r in relocs:                 if r.get_width() != 2 or r.get_addend() != 0:                     raise HunkParseError("Invalid reloc: " + r)                 offsets.append(r.get_offset())             hunk_relocs.append((seg_id, offsets))         if len(hunk_relocs) > 0:             hunk_seg.setup_relocs(hunk_relocs)      @staticmethod     def _add_bin_img_symbols(hunk_seg, seg):         sym_tab = seg.get_symtab()         if sym_tab is not None:             hunk_sym_list = []             for sym in sym_tab.get_symbols():                 hunk_sym_list.append((sym.get_name(), sym.get_offset()))             hunk_seg.setup_symbols(hunk_sym_list)      @staticmethod     def _add_bin_img_debug_info(hunk_seg, seg):         debug_line = seg.get_debug_line()         if debug_line is not None:             for file in debug_line.get_files():                 src_file = file.get_src_file()                 base_offset = file.get_base_offset()                 dl = HunkDebugLine(src_file, base_offset)                 for e in file.get_entries():                     offset = e.get_offset()                     src_line = e.get_src_line()                     flags = e.get_flags()                     hunk_src_line = src_line | (flags << 24)                     dl.add_entry(offset, hunk_src_line)                 hunk_seg.setup_debug(dl)      def create_image_from_load_seg_file(self, lsf):         """create a BinImage from a HunkLoadSegFile object"""         bi = BinImage(BIN_IMAGE_TYPE_HUNK)         bi.set_file_data(lsf)         segs = lsf.get_segments()         for seg in segs:             # what type of segment to we have?             blk_id = seg.seg_blk.blk_id             size = seg.size_longs * 4             data_offset = seg.seg_blk.data_offset             data = seg.seg_blk.data             if blk_id == HUNK_CODE:                 seg_type = SEGMENT_TYPE_CODE             elif blk_id == HUNK_DATA:                 seg_type = SEGMENT_TYPE_DATA             elif blk_id == HUNK_BSS:                 seg_type = SEGMENT_TYPE_BSS             else:                 raise HunkParseError("Unknown Segment Type for BinImage: %d" % blk_id)             # create seg             bs = Segment(seg_type, size, data, data_offset)             bs.set_file_data(seg)             bi.add_segment(bs)         # add relocations if any         bi_segs = bi.get_segments()         for seg in bi_segs:             # add relocations?             hseg = seg.file_data             reloc_blks = hseg.reloc_blks             if reloc_blks is not None:                 self._add_hunk_relocs(reloc_blks, seg, bi_segs)             # add symbol table             symbol_blk = hseg.symbol_blk             if symbol_blk is not None:                 self._add_hunk_symbols(symbol_blk, seg)             # add debug infos             debug_infos = hseg.debug_infos             if debug_infos is not None:                 self._add_debug_infos(debug_infos, seg)          return bi      @staticmethod     def _add_hunk_relocs(blks, seg, all_segs):         """add relocations to a segment"""         for blk in blks:             if blk.blk_id not in (HUNK_ABSRELOC32, HUNK_RELOC32SHORT):                 raise HunkParseError("Invalid Relocations for BinImage: %d" % blk.blk_id)             relocs = blk.relocs             for r in relocs:                 hunk_num = r[0]                 offsets = r[1]                 to_seg = all_segs[hunk_num]                 # create reloc for target segment or reuse one.                 rl = seg.get_reloc(to_seg)                 if rl is None:                     rl = Relocations(to_seg)                 # add offsets                 for o in offsets:                     r = Reloc(o)                     rl.add_reloc(r)                 seg.add_reloc(to_seg, rl)      @staticmethod     def _add_hunk_symbols(blk, seg):         """add symbols to segment"""         syms = blk.symbols         if len(syms) == 0:             return         st = SymbolTable()         seg.set_symtab(st)         for sym in syms:             name = sym[0]             offset = sym[1]             symbol = Symbol(offset, name)             st.add_symbol(symbol)      @staticmethod     def _add_debug_infos(debug_infos, seg):         dl = DebugLine()         seg.set_debug_line(dl)         for debug_info in debug_infos:             # add source line infos             if isinstance(debug_info, HunkDebugLine):                 src_file = debug_info.src_file                 # abs path?                 pos = src_file.rfind('/')                 if pos != -1:                     dir_name = src_file[:pos]                     src_file = src_file[pos + 1:]                 else:                     dir_name = ""                 base_offset = debug_info.base_offset                 df = DebugLineFile(src_file, dir_name, base_offset)                 dl.add_file(df)                 for entry in debug_info.get_entries():                     off = entry.offset                     src_line = entry.src_line & 0xffffff                     flags = (entry.src_line & 0xff000000) >> 24                     e = DebugLineEntry(off, src_line, flags)                     df.add_entry(e)  class HunkLoadSegFile:     """manage a LoadSeg() hunk file starting with HUNK_HEADER"""      def __init__(self):         self.hdr_blk = None         self.segments = []      def get_segments(self):         return self.segments      def add_segment(self, seg):         self.segments.append(seg)      def parse_block_file(self, bf):         """assign hunk blocks into segments"""         # get file blocks         blks = bf.get_blocks()         if blks is None or len(blks) == 0:             raise HunkParseError("no hunk blocks found!")         # ensure its a HUNK_HEADER         hdr_blk = blks[0]         if hdr_blk.blk_id != HUNK_HEADER:             raise HunkParseError("no HEADER block found!")         self.hdr_blk = hdr_blk         # first round: split block list into sections seperated by END         first = []         cur = None         for blk in blks[1:]:             blk_id = blk.blk_id             # split by END block             if blk_id == HUNK_END:                 cur = None             # add non end block to list             else:                 # check validity of block                 if blk_id not in loadseg_valid_begin_hunks and                          blk_id not in loadseg_valid_extra_hunks:                     raise HunkParseError("invalid block found: %d" % blk_id)                 if cur is None:                     cur = []                     first.append(cur)                 cur.append(blk)         # second round: split list if two segments are found in a single list         # this is only necessary for broken files that lack END blocks         second = []         for l in first:             pos_seg = []             off = 0             for blk in l:                 if blk.blk_id in loadseg_valid_begin_hunks:                     pos_seg.append(off)                 off += 1             n = len(pos_seg)             if n == 1:                 # list is ok                 second.append(l)             elif n > 1:                 # list needs split                 # we can only split if no extra block is before next segment block                 new_list = None                 for blk in l:                     if blk.blk_id in loadseg_valid_begin_hunks:                         new_list = [blk]                         second.append(new_list)                     elif new_list is not None:                         new_list.append(blk)                     else:                         raise HunkParseError("can't split block list")         # check size of hunk table         if len(hdr_blk.hunk_table) != len(second):             raise HunkParseError("can't match hunks to header")         # convert block lists into segments         for l in second:             seg = HunkSegment()             seg.parse(l)             self.segments.append(seg)         # set size in segments         n = len(second)         for i in xrange(n):             self.segments[i].size_longs = hdr_blk.hunk_table[i]             self.segments[i].size = self.segments[i].size_longs * 4      def create_block_file(self):         """create a HunkBlockFile from the segments given"""         # setup header block         self.hdr_blk = HunkHeaderBlock()         blks = [self.hdr_blk]         sizes = []         for seg in self.segments:             size = seg.create(blks)             sizes.append(size)             # add HUNK_END             blks.append(HunkEndBlock())         # finally setup header         self.hdr_blk.setup(sizes)         # create HunkBlockFile         return HunkBlockFile(blks)  class Relocate:     """Relocate a BinImage to given addresses"""      def __init__(self, bin_img):         self.bin_img = bin_img      def get_sizes(self):         """return a list of the required sizes for all sections"""         sizes = []         for segment in self.bin_img.get_segments():             size = segment.size             sizes.append(size)         return sizes      def get_total_size(self, padding=0):         """return the total size of all segments appended. useful for one large blob"""         sizes = self.get_sizes()         total = 0         for s in sizes:             total += s + padding         return total      def get_seq_addrs(self, base_addr, padding=0):         """generate a sequence of addresses for continous segments in one blob"""         sizes = self.get_sizes()         addrs = []         addr = base_addr         for s in sizes:             addrs.append(addr)             addr += s + padding         return addrs      def relocate_one_block(self, base_addr, padding=0):         total_size = self.get_total_size(padding)         data = bytearray(total_size)         addrs = self.get_seq_addrs(base_addr, padding)         offset = 0         segs = self.bin_img.get_segments()         for segment in segs:             self._copy_data(data, segment, offset)             self._reloc_data(data, segment, addrs, offset)             offset += segment.size + padding         return data      def relocate(self, addrs):         """perform relocations on segments and return relocated data"""         segs = self.bin_img.get_segments()         if len(segs) != len(addrs):             raise ValueError("addrs != segments")         datas = []         for segment in segs:             # allocate new buffer             data = bytearray(segment.size)             self._copy_data(data, segment)             self._reloc_data(data, segment, addrs)             datas.append(data)         return datas      @staticmethod     def _copy_data(data, segment, offset=0):         # allocate segment data         size = segment.size         src_data = segment.data         if src_data is not None:             src_len = len(src_data)             data[offset:src_len + offset] = src_data      def _reloc_data(self, data, segment, addrs, offset=0):         # find relocations         to_segs = segment.get_reloc_to_segs()         for to_seg in to_segs:             # get target segment's address             to_id = to_seg.id             to_addr = addrs[to_id]             # get relocations             reloc = segment.get_reloc(to_seg)             for r in reloc.get_relocs():                 self._reloc(segment.id, data, r, to_addr, to_id, offset)      def _reloc(self, my_id, data, reloc, to_addr, to_id, extra_offset):         """relocate one entry"""         offset = reloc.get_offset() + extra_offset         delta = self.read_long(data, offset) + reloc.addend         addr = to_addr + delta         self.write_long(data, offset, addr)      @staticmethod     def read_long(data, offset):         d = data[offset:offset + 4]         return struct.unpack(">i", d)[0]      @staticmethod     def write_long(data, offset, value):         d = struct.pack(">i", value)         data[offset:offset + 4] = d  def accept_file(li, filename):     li.seek(0)      bf = BinFmtHunk()     tag = li.read(4)     tagf = StringIO.StringIO(tag)      if bf.is_image_fobj(tagf):         return {'format': 'Amiga Hunk executable', 'processor': '68040'}     else:         return 0  def load_file(li, neflags, format):     idaapi.set_processor_type('68040', ida_idp.SETPROC_LOADER)      idaapi.cvar.inf.af = idaapi.AF_CODE | idaapi.AF_JUMPTBL | idaapi.AF_USED | idaapi.AF_UNK |                           idaapi.AF_PROC | idaapi.AF_LVAR | idaapi.AF_STKARG | idaapi.AF_REGARG |                           idaapi.AF_TRACE | idaapi.AF_VERSP | idaapi.AF_ANORET | idaapi.AF_MEMFUNC |                           idaapi.AF_TRFUNC | idaapi.AF_FIXUP | idaapi.AF_JFUNC | idaapi.AF_NULLSUB |                           idaapi.AF_NULLSUB | idaapi.AF_IMMOFF | idaapi.AF_STRLIT      li.seek(0)     data = li.read(li.size())      bf = BinFmtHunk()     fobj = StringIO.StringIO(data)     bi = bf.load_image_fobj(fobj)      rel = Relocate(bi)     addrs = rel.get_seq_addrs(0x21F000)     datas = rel.relocate(addrs)      idaapi.add_entry(addrs[0], addrs[0], "start", 1)      for seg in bi.get_segments():         offset = addrs[seg.id]         size = seg.size          to_segs = seg.get_reloc_to_segs()         for to_seg in to_segs:             reloc = seg.get_reloc(to_seg)             for r in reloc.get_relocs():                 offset2 = r.get_offset()                 rel_off = Relocate.read_long(datas[seg.id], offset2)                 addr = offset + rel_off + r.addend                  fd = idaapi.fixup_data_t(idaapi.FIXUP_OFF32)                 fd.off = addr                 fd.set(offset + offset2)          idaapi.mem2base(str(datas[seg.id]), offset, seg.data_offset)         idaapi.add_segm(0, offset, offset + size, 'SEG_%02d' % seg.id, seg.get_type_name())      return 1  def move_segm(frm, to, sz, fileformatname):     delta = to     xEA = ida_fixup.get_first_fixup_ea()     while xEA != idaapi.BADADDR:         fd = ida_fixup.fixup_data_t(idaapi.FIXUP_OFF32)         ida_fixup.get_fixup(xEA, fd)         fd.off += delta          if fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF8:             idaapi.put_byte(xEA, fd.off)         elif fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF16:             idaapi.put_word(xEA, fd.off)         elif fd.get_type() == ida_fixup.FIXUP_OFF32:             idaapi.put_long(xEA, fd.off)          fd.set(xEA)          xEA = ida_fixup.get_next_fixup_ea(xEA)      idaapi.cvar.inf.baseaddr = idaapi.cvar.inf.baseaddr + delta      return 1

Ссылка на исходник: https://github.com/lab313ru/amiga_hunk_loader


Написать загрузчик для IDA, на самом деле, совершенно не сложно. Если Вы «плюсовик», или немного умеете кодить на Python, и, конечно же, обладаете большим терпением (а куда без него в реверс-инжиниринге?), сделать это можно за один вечер.


Основной проблемой в написании чего-либо под IDA является отсутствие нормальной справки, во многих вещах приходится разбираться самостоятельно. К счастью, разработчики потихоньку движутся в этом направлении, и доки теперь не те, что раньше.


Всем спасибо.

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Ваш провайдер знает о вас больше, чем ваша девушка?

Присоединяйтесь и узнайте, как это остановить!